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Battle of La Marfée
The Battle of La Marfée took place during Thirty Years' War near Sedan, France, on 6 July 1641, between a Royal army of Louis XIII under Marshall Gaspard III de Coligny, and French malcontents led by Prince Louis de Bourbon, Count of Soissons, and Duke Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, duc de Bouillon, who were supported by a Spanish-Imperial army under general Guillaume de Lamboy sent from the Spanish Netherlands by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria.〔Elliott, John H.: ''The Count-Duke of Olivares: The Statesman in an Age of Decline''. Yale: Yale University Press, 1989. ISBN 9780300044997, p. 614.〕 The French malcontents and the Habsburg forces dealt a serious defeat to the French Royal Army, and for a moment, Cardinal Richelieu feared that the rebels, supported by the Spanish forces, would advance on Paris. Shortly after, however, Soissons fell dead, either murdered by an assassin or killed by himself accidentally, and the rebellion vanished.〔
==Background==
Since 1636 prominent members of the French nobility had been plotting against Richelieu. While some of them fled to London and tried to gain support from King Charles I till the outbreak of the English Civil War,〔Wilson, Peter Hamish: ''The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009. ISBN 9780674036345, p. 664.〕 others fled to the Principality of Sedan, an independent state of the Holy Roman Empire, whose prince, Frédéric de la Tour d'Auvergne, welcomed French Protestants and other factions hostile to France and Cardinal Richelieu. He also took part in the "Princes de la paix" conspiracy with the comte de Soissons and Henri II de Guise, aiming to re-establish the privileges of the great feudal lords. In April 1641 Cardinal Richelieu and Louis XIII sent the Army of Champagne, under Gaspard III de Coligny, to put an end to his schemes.〔Parrott, p. 148.〕
As the Royal army moved to besiege Sedan, the rebels panicked and called for support the Habsburgs.〔 Since 1640 Spain was struck by internal rebellions in Catalonia and Portugal, and the Count-Duke of Olivares, ''valido'' of Philip IV of Spain, looked at the French malcontents as "the sole means of salvation from the shipwreck".〔 Therefore, the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand, brother to the King and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, agreed with Soissons and Bouillon to provide them with funds to pay their army and also to sent troops in support.〔 The agreement was settled in early June, and soon the malcontents were joined by 7,000 Spanish and Imperial soldiers led by Guillaume de Lamboy,〔 who was regarded as incompetent –but not less than Coligny, the commander of the French Royal Army.〔Guthrie, William P.: ''The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia''. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2007. ISBN 9780313324086, p. 190.〕
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